Reflexões culturais: Valores europeus
Após realizarem as suas pesquisas, os alunos dedicaram-se à reflexão sobre os valores europeus, produzindo um vídeo e/ou redigindo as suas opiniões. O mais interessante desta atividade foi que nenhum dos grupos repetiu o tema já abordado, o que exigiu uma reflexão original e aprofundada.
IGUALDADE
Ema, Joana, Margarida Sampaio, Matilde Meireles, Rodrigo/Cristina Tomé-AEFH, Portugal
Jéssica; Mª João; Vitória/Manuela Paredes/AEFH/Portugal
Equality is about ensuring that all individuals enjoy the same opportunities and rights, regardless of factors such as gender, race, religion, or social origin. In the employment context, it manifests itself through fair pay, career progression opportunities, and an environment free from discrimination. In education, it means universal access to quality education and fair treatment of all students. In the health system, it means access to decent medical care and freedom from prejudice. In society in general, equality means respect for individual differences and combating discrimination, promoting a fairer world for all.
In Portugal, equality is like ensuring that everyone has a place at the table. At work, we fight for men and women to earn the same salary and have the same chances of advancement. In schools, we want all children to learn together, regardless of where they come from. In health, everyone has the right to medical care, without distinction.
For the LGBTQ+ community, marriage and adoption are rights that have been won, and trans people can change their documents. Against racism, there are laws and actions to integrate everyone. People with disabilities have laws guaranteeing accessibility and inclusion at work.
Basically, it's about respecting differences and creating a country where everyone feels at home.
Jéssica; Mª João; Vitória/Manuela Paredes/AEFH/Portugal
JUSTIÇA E DIREITOS HUMANOS
Ana Catarina, Enzo, Lucas, Margarida G, Matilde F/Cristina Tomé-AEFH, Portugal
João Pedro; Jade; Beatriz; Leonor/Manuela Paredes/AEFH/Portugal
Justice and human rights are protected by society in various ways and are a collective effort involving laws, institutions, and, of course, the active participation of people. Firstly, laws are created to ensure that everyone is treated fairly and equally, regardless of their origin, gender, religion, or any other characteristic. They serve to protect the freedoms and rights of each individual, such as freedom of expression, the right to education, health, and safety.
In addition, there are institutions such as courts, public defenders, and human rights organizations that act to ensure that laws are complied with and that people's rights are respected. These institutions are also responsible for investigating abuses and ensuring that justice is done when someone's rights are violated.
Society also plays a crucial role in this process. Awareness-raising, civic engagement, and social pressure, such as protests and movements, help to keep the authorities accountable and promote change when necessary. When people come together to demand justice and respect for human rights, they strengthen the protection system.
Therefore, the protection of justice and human rights depends not only on laws and institutions but also on the continuous efforts of everyone to ensure that these rights are respected on a daily basis.
2. Some examples of their importance to society.
1. Freedom of expression: The protection of this right allows people to express themselves freely, share their opinions, and actively participate in political and social life. Without this right, democracy would be compromised, and people would not be able to fight for improvements in society.
2. Protection against discrimination: Justice and human rights ensure that all people, regardless of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or religion, are treated equally. This is essential for combating inequalities and promoting social inclusion. An example of this is the fight against racism and gender discrimination, which enables the creation of a fairer and more equitable society.
3. Right to education and health: These rights guarantee that everyone has access to basic living conditions. The right to education, for example, is fundamental for personal and collective development, while the right to health ensures that everyone has medical care, regardless of their economic condition.
4. Protection against abuses of power: Justice protects individuals against abuses of power by the state or other groups. Institutions such as courts and human rights bodies act to prevent authorities from abusing their position and violating citizens' rights. An example of this are laws prohibiting torture or arbitrary detention.
5. Right to freedom: Ensuring that people can live without fear of repression or injustice is one of the foundations for a healthy society. This includes the protection of fundamental rights, such as the right to a fair trial or the right to live without oppression.
6. Workers' rights: Justice ensures that labor rights are respected, such as protection against abusive working conditions, fair wages, and job security. Without these rights, exploitation and inequality would increase, affecting the well-being of a large part of the population.
These examples demonstrate that justice and human rights not only protect the individual but are also essential for the development of a fairer, more equal, and more harmonious society.
TOLERÂNCIA
Ana Miguel P, Francisca M, Mafalda F, Maria Isabel, Pedro C/Cristina Tomé-AEFH, Portugal
Bruna; Lara; Maria/Manuela Paredes/AEFH/Portugal
Tolerance is essentially related to different cultures and beliefs, and it is one of the pillars for peaceful coexistence in diverse societies.
It consists of respect and acceptance of differences, recognizing that each culture and belief system has its own value and deserves to be treated with dignity.
Rather than passively accepting differences, tolerance implies an active effort to understand the other and value diversity as a collective asset.
It is also closely linked to human rights, guaranteeing freedom of expression, conscience, and religion.
Tolerance is therefore fundamental to combating prejudice, promoting social harmony, and creating an environment of mutual respect, where different cultures and beliefs can coexist peacefully and contribute to the common good.
Tolerance is a fundamental pillar for harmonious coexistence in society, promoting mutual respect and acceptance of differences. It contributes to reducing conflicts, strengthening democracy, and promoting peace and diversity by valuing the diversity of opinions, beliefs, and cultures.
It is essential for building a fairer and more peaceful and inclusive society, where differences are respected and celebrated.
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LIBERDADE
Ana Miguel S, Francisca G, Mafalda G, Maria Vitória, Pedro Co, Rui/Cristina Tomé-AEFH, Portugal
Ana Carolina; Leonor O./Manuela Paredes/AEFH/Portugal
‘Freedom of expression’ is the right to express one's thoughts and ideas without fear of the consequences that may arise after publicizing an opinion on a particular subject.
This freedom can have an impact on both a personal and social level. On a personal level, it can develop citizens' autonomy to make informed decisions and to defend their rights.
On a social level, it can further strengthen democracy, because freedom of expression is the way people express their wishes to political bodies, for example, elections, and is therefore considered one of the pillars of today's democracy. And it can also help resolve conflicts peacefully through dialogue between both sides without causing other problems as a result of the conflict.
For example, in Portugal, the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic (Article 37) guarantees freedom of expression and information without censorship, as we saw during the Estado Novo of António Oliveira de Salazar and Marcelo Caetano before the Carnation Revolution (25 April 1974). Furthermore, the Constitutional Court can annul laws or decisions that violate this right. In conclusion, freedom of expression continues to be a priority today.
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SOLIDARIEDADE
David, Gabriela, Manuel, Mariana, Rafaela/Cristina Tomé-AEFH, Portugal
Ali; Diana; Leonor R.; Patrícia/Manuela Paredes/AEFH/Portugal
Solidarity is practiced through various actions that promote social cohesion and mutual aid. It can manifest itself in volunteering initiatives, donations, support for communities in need, and social projects aimed at helping vulnerable groups. In schools, for example, it can be cultivated through donation campaigns, community projects, and the development of socio-emotional skills to encourage empathy and respect.
A striking example of solidarity in Portugal was the mobilization during the 2017 forest fires, where local communities, non-governmental organizations, and citizens came together to help the victims by providing shelter, food, and psychological support. Another recent example is the reception of Ukrainian refugees by Portuguese society, offering housing, employment, and social integration through government and community initiatives.
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